Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Light of Islamic Law: Judiciary and Medicine as Case Studies (A Comparative Juristic Study )

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Al-Azhar University

Abstract

This study explores the expanding applications of artificial intelligence (AI) across various fields from the perspective of Islamic law. It highlights both the opportunities and challenges posed by the intersection of emerging technologies and the Sharīʿa, stressing the importance of establishing clear religious and ethical guidelines for their use. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of oversight and the implementation of stringent regulatory frameworks to ensure that AI technologies are employed responsibly and serve the broader good of humanity.
Given the accelerating influence of AI on key dimensions of life, this subject has become increasingly significant. It presents new and complex questions that demand a juristic response, particularly in areas where technology directly affects moral, legal, and societal norms. The study argues that examining AI applications in light of Islamic principles is not only timely but essential.
The research begins by defining AI and explaining its importance, followed by an overview of specific applications in the fields of judiciary and medicine. It then offers a juristic evaluation of these technologies, based on an analytical and comparative approach. The study presents the positions of jurists, their supporting evidence, and concludes with a preferred legal opinion (rājiḥ).
Among the key findings is that AI constitutes a significant and contemporary tool with diverse applications, especially in legal and medical contexts. The default ruling in Islamic law permits its use, provided that its implementation adheres to the prescribed ethical and legal limits. AI may be employed in any field that serves the public good and avoids areas that contravene Islamic teachings or ethical norms.
The study recommends the development of AI-supported systems and applications that offer tangible social benefit, along with the establishment of robust protections at both local and international levels. It further calls for legislative frameworks tied explicitly to Islamic legal guidance to address the ethical and legal challenges posed by emerging technologies. Finally, it urges the renewal of Islamic jurisprudence to accommodate scientific advances that do not contradict sound religious texts but affect areas where legal reasoning remains open.

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